Unlike infectious diseases, NCDs are chronic conditions that require long-term management, and their impact on pregnancy can be profound. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and respiratory conditions present significant health risks for expectant mothers. Here’s how they affect expectant mothers:
- Increased Complications
Pregnant women with NCDs face a higher risk of complications such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm labor. Conditions like hypertension can lead to dangerous outcomes for both mother and baby, such as placental abruption or growth restrictions for the fetus. - Fetal Development Risks
Uncontrolled NCDs can negatively affect fetal development, increasing the chances of birth defects, stillbirth, or premature birth. For example, hypertension can cause the baby to receive less oxygen and nutrients, impacting growth. - Postpartum Recovery and Long-term Risks
After delivery, women with NCDs may face longer recovery periods and an increased risk of postpartum complications. In addition, children born to mothers with NCDs have a higher likelihood of developing similar conditions later in life - Impact on Maternal Health
NCDs can strain a mother’s body during pregnancy, leading to chronic fatigue, heart complications, or difficulty breathing. These conditions make it more challenging for expectant mothers to maintain their health, which is critical for a successful pregnancy and delivery. - Medications and Treatment Challenges
Some medications used to manage NCDs may not be safe during pregnancy, requiring adjustments or alternatives. This can create a delicate balance between managing the disease and protecting the developing fetus. - Managing Pre-existing Conditions
For expectant mothers with pre-existing NCDs, pregnancy necessitates careful monitoring and management. For example, women with diabetes must tightly control blood sugar levels to avoid risks like macrosomia (an unusually large baby) or neonatal hypoglycemia (low blood sugar in newborns).
While non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death and disability among women (globally), including those of reproductive age, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Target 3.1 aims to reduce the global maternal mortality rate to 70 deaths per 100,000 live births. Additionally, SDG 3.4 seeks to cut premature mortality from NCDs by one-third.
NCDs pose significant risks for expectant mothers, making comprehensive healthcare management essential. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are vital to safeguarding the health of both mother and baby throughout pregnancy.
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